Some will directly swim up to the male with their heads down and fins clamped to show her submissiveness; others will charge the nest, banners flaring, and challenge the male to spawn. Pro Tip: If at any point, you feel very concerned about your females safety because of how aggressive the male is being — take her out. Pro Tip: For first-timers, this may take a few attempts before they get it right.

You remember your first time? Not the smoothest or process, eh? Your male will then release her and allow her some time to recover minutes before they do it again. The purpose of this embrace is to place the ventrals close to each other to improve the chance of fertilization. When your female recovers, she may help your male put the eggs in the nest. However, some females will eat the eggs, so watch carefully and remove her if she is. I recommend taking her out of the tank as soon as she has woken up, because your male will now see her as a threat and could try to kill her.

Pro Tip: Bettas need privacy and sometimes will not spawn if the light it on. Having Almond leaves will darken your tanks water, helping them feel more comfortable. Over the nest hours, your male will spend all of his time attending to the eggs: mouthing them and blowing more bubbles.

Your fry will hang tail-down for the first few days, and slowly start taking on a horizontal swimming position. You can click here coming soon to see our guide on how to successfully raise Betta fry. Thanks Betta Lover Dee. Hello Dee, thank you for your comment. You can breed different tail types but the chance of the fry will have a crossed tails between a veil and a crown tail or etc.

But thing I want to know about colors of babies. Is there any format that can maintain the body colors of babies. Awaiting for your reply. Hey, thank you for taking the time to comment. There are many factors in genetics, depending on which genes are dominant and recessive. In terms of dominance of genes, there are four types:. Homozygous dominant 2. Homozygous recessive 3. Heterozygous 4. You need to understand the genotypes of your female and male betta.

By using our site, you agree to our cookie policy. Cookie Settings. Explore this Article parts. Things You'll Need. Tips and Warnings.

Related Articles. Article Summary. Part 1. Learn as much as possible. When attempting to breed any animal, it is important to know as much as you can about the species. Research betta care and breeding. There are many great websites and books. More than eggs can come from a single spawn, meaning that you could end up caring for more than betta fish if most survive!

You need to know beforehand what you want to get out of the experience. Or are you simply in love with bettas and want to take your hobby to the next level?

Breeding for show or supply is a big undertaking that will require a large investment of time, space, and money. Due to the high start-up and supply costs, it is very difficult to make a profit breeding bettas, so this should not be your goal for some time. Set up your permanent tanks. When you are ready to try breeding, you need to first prepare to bring your breeding pair home. Set up two tanks as shown in Set Up a Betta Tank.

Be sure to cycle the water in both tanks before bringing home any fish. Obtain a breeding pair. Bettas breed best when they are young, so you will have the most success if you find a reputable breeder either online or in your area to purchase a pair from. If you are able to find a breeder in your area, they can also be an invaluable source of information. Make sure the male and female are about the same size, and consider getting two pairs in case the first pairing doesn't work out.

Part 2. Let them settle in. It's best to have your bettas for a few months before you start breeding to allow them to adapt to their environment. Remember, however, that males breed best when they are no more than 14 months old. Plan to breed them when you have a long, uninterrupted stretch of free time. Make sure you don't have any vacations, business trips, or high-stress events coming up.

Set up your breeding tank. The breeding tank should be 5—10 gallons Never add gravel or other substrate to the breeding tank because the eggs will get lost when they fall to the bottom. Only fill this tank with 5"-6" of water, and set it up where there are few distractions, such as other fish, bright colors, and human activity. Start feeding live food when you are ready to breed them.

Live brine shrimp or bloodworms are the best bet, but other worms, crickets, roaches, and other insects cut up will also work. It's a good idea to raise these yourself or purchase them from a pet store or breeder to avoid the bacteria, dirt, and chemicals that wild insects could be carrying. If live food is unavailable, you can also try frozen or freeze-dried brine shrimp and bloodworms.

Begin raising fry food. Betta fry are very small, and only eat live food, so you will need a supply of very very small live food to feed them when they are ready. Start now to be sure you have a good supply in a few weeks when you need it.

Microworms are probably the best food, but some breeders prefer infusoria or vinegar eels. Baby brine shrimp can also be fed, but only in moderation alongside another food source, as too much may cause swim bladder disorder.

Introduce the pair. When the live food cultures are going strong and the breeding pair has been eating live food for a week or two, you are ready to introduce your bettas. Move the male and female so they can see one another clearly, but are separated. You can either put their tanks next to each other, or introduce them to opposite sides of the tank divider in the breeding tank. It is essential that they are able to see each other before being put together to minimize the risk of serious injury.

Some breeders release males into an undivided breeding tank and use a clear plastic cup or oil lamp chimney to introduce the female. When using this method, the female should only be introduced for a few hours each day, as she is being contained in a very small space. Let them watch one another for a few days.

Some breeders then separate the pair for a few days before introducing them for a few more days, then proceeding to the next step. Observe their behavior. Watch the bettas to see if they seem interested in one another. The male will swim around, displaying his fins, flaring and generally showing off.

The female will display vertical bars on her body and will angle her head down submissively. Some aggressive displays are normal, but if they are flaring and trying to attack one another through the divider, do not put them together. Instead, it may be best to separate them and try again later, or try a different pair of betta. Sometimes the betta fish fight so it would be better if you take a little time to watch and wait.

Part 3. Remove the divider. Once your male is ready to breed, he will build a large bubble nest which will take days. When this happens, turn off the filter and release the female into the tank, but be sure to keep an eye on the pair. The male will probably bully her some, nipping at fins and chasing her around. This is ok as long as neither fish's life is in danger. This courtship may last several hours or even days. Be sure there are plenty of hiding places for the female to escape the bullying, and check on the pair regularly to prevent serious injuries.

Microworm Culture As the name suggests, this is a culture of live microworms that will serve as food for the fry during their first days. They are the perfect size for the fry's mouths, and they wiggle - which will encourage the fry's natural instincts to eat.

As the media ages, the microworms will consume the yeast that will be produced. Small Container with Lid To house the microworm culture Brine Shrimp Eggs and Hatchery Small saltwater shrimp that will serve as food for the fry after the first couple of days. You'll need these to house the male fry once they start displaying aggression. Fry food Adult Betta Food Should be quality nutrient-enriched food, to condition your breeding pair for spawning and to feed your fry when they reach adulthood.

Fish Net Biological Conditioner Contains beneficial biological conditioner that will aid in neutralizing harmful toxins produced by fish waste. Water Conditioner Remove chlorine and other toxic heavy metals found in tap water, making it safe for fish. Adult Betta Pair Should possess the ideal characteristics you are looking for in their batch. Turkey Baster To suck up food and remove any dead fry. Patience and Responsibility! That means they must fit into the following criteria: Active - rather than lethargic.

You can usually tell a betta's age by its size large bettas are usually a sign of old age , color older bettas tend to be duller in color , and activeness. Sick bettas are usually lethargic. You can find a list of 13 most common betta diseases here. Color, Fin Shape and Genes - you'll want to select bettas with striking characteristics that you'll want breed. Personally speaking, It's recommended breeding halfmoons, plakats, doubletails and crowntails - as they are usually harder to come by.

Female's Size - should be slightly smaller than the male. Day 1 You'll need to setup your breeding aquarium at least 10 days prior to breeding. The tank should have a bare bottom. Clean and rinse the sponge filter and airline tubing with warm water. And assemble the sponge filter in the tank, then connect it to the air pump with airline tubing and the air regulator to control airflow follow the manufacturer's instructions. They safe to use in breeding tanks, and will not produce too much flow that would disturb the male betta's bubble nest - which will be later discussed.

Place the sponge filter in a corner of the tank. Place the heater in the tank and set the temperature to 80 degrees Fahrenheit Do not turn it on just yet. Fill the tank with 6 inches of clean conditioned water dose the tap water according to the water conditioner manufac. This water level is ideal for the male to pick up any dropped eggs. Then add the biological conditioner and aquarium salt to the water - following the manufac. Add a few almond leaves to the tank, not only does it naturally buffer the pH - but it also releases tannins in the water which are believed to prevent fungal infection from taking over the eggs and the adult breeding pair.

Float 1 leaf in a corner for the male to build its bubble nest. See the image above. Assemble and add the breeder nest cleaned and rinsed. Place the net close to the almond leaf where the male will build its bubble nest, and so that he can see the female.

Add the java moss. Turn on all the electrical equipment. Adjust the air regulator to let out small bubbles per second. It should not be too strong otherwise it'll disturb the male's bubble nest and will make it difficult for the fry to swim.

Day 1 On the first day, you should start your microworm culture for your fry. To start out your microworm culture, get a clean container and add a 1 inch layer of cooked oatmeal. Let the oatmeal cool out overnight in room temperature, then mix in 1 tsp of the active dry yeast. Add the microworm culture to the cooked oatmeal - this will have a slightly fermented smell which is completely normal. Slowly mix the culture into the oatmeal. As the oatmeal ages, the microworms will feed off of the produced yeast.

Put a lid on the container, make sure to poke some holes on the lid to let air in - otherwise the culture will die. Stir the culture once a week to keep it alive. Day 10 After conditioning your breeding pair for 10 days, they are ready to be placed in the breeding tank.

It is important not to disturb the tank otherwise the bubble nest risks falling apart. Breeding is not exactly a piece of cake for these fish.

You can condition them by providing high-quality food sources such as live foods. Once you introduce the male and female to each other, it might take some time for them to adjust.

It might be a good idea to use a tank divider or two separate clear tanks for this purpose. These stripes are known as a barring pattern.

The bubble nest consists of many air bubbles created by the fish himself and layered with saliva. They will build these nests in different places in the tank depending on where the male finds favorable conditions. Put the female into the tank once the nest is ready. The female will inspect the bubble nest and if it is not acceptable for her, she might destroy it or simply swim away. If the female approves, both fish will start performing a dance which includes swimming next to each other and flaring their fins.

The next step is the nuptial embrace which starts with a mating dance. The male flips the female and wraps himself around her. This fertilizes the eggs. The two fish might stay floating or sink to the bottom and then they will take a break and try again. After a few squeezes, the female will start dropping eggs with each embrace. Bettas lay almost 30 to 40 eggs during each spawn. Some bettas can lay up to at a time.

This allows the eggs to be externally fertilized.

AVG simply refuses to let me do so. AVG's Exception function simply does not function, does not give you the option to create an exception the moment it detects a file, and requires you to jump through hoops just to get to the menu where you can create exception lists that DO NOT WORK! Karthikeyan Avast Hello Quick, I certainly help you with this. Once you restore the file from the quarantine folder, AVG will automatically add the file to exception list.

There is no need to add the file manually to exception list. When you restore the file from Quarantine, it will not get added to exception automatically. We request you to try adding the file to general exception of AVG.

Before that, disable AVG Antivirus temporarily. Slide the cursor to turn off the protection temporarily. Get into Quarantine and restore the file. Add the file to it and turn on the protection.

Keep us informed about the status. Kind regards, Alje Bakker. Thank you! Alje Bakker Hello Abirami, Many thanks for your response and the link. However there is still a problem: In "Hardened Mode" there is no textbox and no browse possiblity to enter anything. Is that a known bug or do I something wrong? Abirami Shanmugam Avast Alje, We are sorry to hear that. But we would like to inform you that you can just click on 'File path' tab in Exceptions window and click on 'Browse' button to locate the particular exe file.

Then click on 'Ok' to save changes, so the exe file will get added to exceptions list of AVG Internet Security unlimited. Thank you. Alje Bakker Hello Abirami, Thanks for your answer. I don't think that you understand my problem completely. In "File paths" it is absolutely not possible to browse to a specific exe file; you only can browse to a path. Obviously that you can not enter an exe file under "Url's". The only tab where I can browse to and fill in an exe file is "Cyber Capture".

In my previous message I told you that there is no textbox and browse possibility at all under the tab "Hardened Mode". Under this tab I can not fill in anything. Please help me; what goes wrong here. I only want to exclude some exe's.

The impact has been "relatively limited" due to the risk-averse nature of Japanese households, which generally do not invest in stocks and corporate bonds. He said this could be another reason why monetary policy has had limited impact on income distribution.

The economist said he was concerned that the disappearance of Japan's middle class could lead to further stagnation in consumption. Consumer spending slumped after a sales tax hike in October. It fell even further this year as lockdown measures intended to contain the coronavirus pandemic froze economies. Nagai said the "jury is still out" over the government's consumption tax hike due to the unexpected impact of Covid While the move had "certain justifications," the economist acknowledged lower income groups are more sensitive to tax hikes.

A more dynamic human resource allocation could help lead Japan out of this situation, Nagai said. The lifetime employment system has led to many people being underemployed, he said.

At the same time, numerous young people are left "reluctantly" living with relatively low pay, despite higher contribution and productivity. The "static" allocation of human resources has hampered efforts to get rid of the "deflationary equilibrium" in Japan, he said. While more graduates are now choosing start-ups instead of established companies, Nagai said it is still "not a major trend yet. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's government has tried to combat many of these issues, attempting to make the labor market more performance-based, Nagai said.

But corporations and their management have been reluctant to change, impeding government efforts, he said. Under the Abe administration, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has also worked to promote "economic metabolism" whereby losers exit and upstarts can bring "new energy," the economist said.

While authorities have made a good effort, he said it is difficult for change to happen in such a short period of time. A list of the most popular web browsers can be found below. Just click on the icons to get to the download page. Yuichiro welled up as he collected a food parcel at a Tokyo outreach event offering help to the growing number of Japanese pushed into poverty by the coronavirus pandemic.

Absolutely none," said the year-old, until recently a construction worker, while clutching a small plastic bag of essentials on a cold winter street in the capital. Some are dying of hunger. The world's third-largest economy has seen a relatively small coronavirus outbreak so far, with around 4, deaths and largely without the drastic lockdowns seen in other countries.

With an unemployment rate below three percent and a reputation for a strong social safety net, Japan also appears well placed to weather the pandemic's economic fallout. But campaigners say the most vulnerable have still been hit hard, with statistics masking the high rate of underemployment and poorly paid temporary work.

Around 40 percent of workers are in vulnerable "non-regular" jobs with lower wages and contracts that can be terminated easily. Many also struggle to access welfare. Yuichiro, who did not give his last name to AFP, said he was sent from one government office to another before being told assistance was only for those with children.

Economists say that half a million Japanese lost their jobs in the past six months, and campaigners say the ripple effects are spreading across the population. Around people were lined up in Tokyo's bustling Ikebukuro district to receive food, clothes, sleeping bags and medical help from Tenohasi's volunteer team, who also give free advice on job-hunting and government services.

Around 40 per cent of workers are in vulnerable "non-regular" jobs with lower wages and contracts that can be terminated easily. Mr Yuichiro said he was sent from one government office to another before being told assistance was only for those with children.

Economists said that half a million Japanese lost their jobs in the past six months, and campaigners said the ripple effects are spreading across the population. A man who identified himself as Mr Yuichiro used to be a construction worker before he lost his job. Around people were lined up in Tokyo's bustling Ikebukuro district to receive food, clothes, sleeping bags and medical help from Tenohasi's volunteer team, who also give free advice on job-hunting and government services. They were on a tightrope and the rope just snapped," Mr Seino added.

Experts warned that the economic pain may be contributing to a rise in the suicide rate seen towards the end of last year. Women, in particular, are facing economic hardship because many work on temporary contracts in retail, restaurants and hotels - all industries hit hard by the pandemic. Experts said women often hesitate to seek help or to join men in queues for food, but even so, they are now seeing more women and mothers with small children at outreach events. Mr Seino said less than 20 per cent of the people he helps are women, but he believes many more have not come forward.

While statistics show rising applications for public assistance, Mr Ohnishi of the Moyai Support Centre said the shame and stigma of being a welfare recipient make many reluctant to seek help. So families receive notices saying things like 'your son is applying for welfare'," he added. Everyone has the legal rights to use it.

Website: Usa-bubusa. Different , Do. Do armadillos live in California? However it is speculated that they could survive in the warmer areas of the state. Armadillos are known to carry leprosy and because California is rather strict about animal ownership, one would speculate that it is illegal to own or intro. How far east do armadillos live in Ky? Lexington, KY. Sep 24, Armadillos are all over the western third of the state. Website: Kentucky. Category : Use far in a sentence.

They have poor eyesight, which is why they use their other senses to hunt for food. Their sharp claws are perhaps their greatest asset.

In the wild, armadillos prefer shady, forestry areas that are located next to rivers and lakes. Website: Dugaspestcontrol.

Category : Use at in a sentence. They are powerful diggers and can remove large amounts of dirt very quickly. Their burrows often have multiple entrances.

The animals come aboveground to look for food. The problem with armadillo burrows is that they can be quite destructive.

Website: Allstateanimalcontrol. Diggers , Dirt , Destructive. I saw my first one seven years ago. Where do armadillos live in the us. Be as wildly creative as you want! The nine-banded armadillo lives in forests, scrub and brushlands. Armadillos hate cold weather. What are we talking about? We Wonder if you live in a climate that armadillos like, Wonder Friends? We look forward to finding out what tomorrow's Wonder will be with you all, we love your predictions!

Armadillos hate. Website: Fortispublishing. Nine-banded armadillos , the only species native to North America, are found all over the Southeast United States, but their range is consistently expanding and they seem to move north and west every year. In nature, armadillos prefer to live in areas near water with easy-to-dig soil and plenty of cover. Category : Use about in a sentence.

Do , Dig. Do armadillos live in florida onerhino. Armadillos are some of the most common critters found in Florida properties. Armadillos can be a nuisance because of their tendency to destroy lawns. Website: Onerhino. Disease , Destroy. He touches it and even jokingly tries to share a meal with it. In truth, these mammals in North American locations, such as Florida, Arizona , and Texas, have been known to carry leprosy, but the likelihood of transmission to humans is limited based on their.

Website: Texashillcountry. Where do they go when the weather turns cold? Learn more about armadillos and their behavior. Website: Islandpestcontrol. Don , Do.

Prevention and Control Methods. Exclusion Fences or barriers are generally not practical, but a possible option. Cultural Methods Clear brush and other cover to reduce habitat. Repellents None are registered.

Toxicants None are registered. Fumigants None are registered. Trapping Live traps box traps. April 29, Joe Ford. Table of Contents. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website.

This amazingly adaptable little amphibian can be found throughout Arizona except in the highest mountains and the desert areas near Yuma, Ariz. Adults grow up to three inches long and the easily identifiable high-pitched trill is a great way to locate and observe them in their natural habitat. Their preferred diet consists primarily of insects, although they sometimes feed on other small amphibians. Red-Spotted toads prefer rocky areas near permanent streams and other bodies of water.

Dead Horse Ranch and Patagonia Lake state parks are a great place to watch them interact and listen to their calls. Gila monsters are specifically designed for desert life in somewhat arid country.

Several of your state parks fall within great Gila monster habitat and these seldom seen reptiles of the desert can add a very cool experience to your park visit. Gila monsters store fat in their tails which helps during lean times or during their annual hibernation. Their venom is used to immobilize prey such as small mammals, birds, and other reptiles. They also eat carrion and have large claws aid in digging out underground prey, or eggs.

Gila monsters spend much of they're daytime activity in shallow boroughs they have dug out, in small depressions, or other shaded areas. If you're lucky enough to see one while in the parks, stay back, snap a few pics, and observe only long enough to complete your experience without interrupting the lizard's routine.

Although the Western diamondback rattlesnake can be found in nearly every state park, they prefer to live a solitary lifestyle, away from humans. Luckily for us, if we venture too close, many of them will give a quick rattle warning to alert us of their presence. These vipers eat nearly anything that will fit in their mouths and are preyed upon by a variety of species such at coyotes, bobcats, roadrunners, kingsnakes, and birds of prey.

Fun Fact: The tail rattles are made from keratin which is the same portion that that makes up your hair and fingernails. These majestic birds are likely found near water, searching out some fishy dinner. Similar in aesthetic to cranes, they are the largest heron in North America.

Adults can grow up to 4. Their long legs and neck allow them to snap quickly in the water, snatching up fish, frogs, salamanders, and more. The call of a Great Blue Heron is more of a croak, and different variations can mean warnings, or simply that they've landed safely. They can be found in most of North America, and are quite common in Arizona! Facebook Twitter Email. The armadillos are coming to Arizona. Watch out.

Clay Thompson The Republic azcentral. Share your feedback to help improve our site!

These single-celled organisms form one of the three vast domains of life, with bacteria representing another and everything else - including all plants and animals - being grouped together as eukaryotes in the third domain. Various archaea species serve many vital functions in keeping ecosystems running smoothly, perhaps none more important than consuming the methane gas that would otherwise wreck marine environments. It's that task that allowed Thurber and his team to confirm archaea are in fact eaten.

Their studies of worms - like the one pictured up top - living near a deep sea cold seep off of Costa Rica showed the isotopic signatures of methane gas. The worms could not have ingested this gas directly - instead, it must have been brought in by archaea that they ad consumed. These worms are the first known "archivores", and it's thought that worms like these use their teeth to scrape archaea off the deep sea rocks.

Because only archaea are methanogens, some scholars, such as John Perona at the University of California at Santa Barbara UCSB , study archaea to better understand the enzyme reactions that go on in methanogenesis. Because of their amazing durability, some archaea researchers hypothesize that these astonishing critters could be flying around on comets or on other planets, such as in Mars soils, awaiting our discovery.

Norman Pace , the lab Web site of Prof. David Valentine, or the lab Web site of Prof. John Perona. Send any ideas for future columns to her at science independent. Please note this login is to submit events or press releases. Use this page here to login for your Independent subscription.

Username or Email Address. Remember Me. Its acidic waters, which reach degrees Fahrenheit, are home to many archaea, an amazing group of organisms distinguished by their abilities to eat anything and live anywhere. Add to Favorites. Fri Nov 12, am. More Like This. James Fredrick Melnik: Thurber and his colleagues initially were looking at biological life forms at a cold seep in the deep ocean off Costa Rica, when they opened up a rock and found worms living within the crevices.

They found that the worms had been feeding on Archaea, which had, in turn, been consuming methane. They were able to trace the isotopic signature of the methane from the Archaea to the worms. From what they learned from the Costa Rican study, the scientists also discovered that worms of the same family as those found in the rocks consume methane-munching Archaea at cold seeps off northern California and at Hydrate Ridge off the central Oregon coast, west of Newport.

The researchers think the family of worms , the Dorvilleids, uses its teeth to scrape the Archaea off rocks. The consumption of Archaea by grazers, a process coined "archivory" by Thurber in the article, is particularly interesting because the only way it could be documented was by tracing the isotopic biomarkers from the methane.

When the researchers attempted to trace consumption of Archaea through lipid types and other mechanisms, they failed because the chemicals and proteins broke down within the worms.

The deep ocean sequesters vast amounts of methane and researchers believe that Archaea consume a majority of it before it reaches the water column. The role of Archaea consumers now will have to be taken into effect, Thurber said. They found that the worms had been feeding on Archaea, which had, in turn, been consuming methane.

They were able to trace the isotopic signature of the methane from the Archaea to the worms. From what they learned from the Costa Rican study, the scientists also discovered that worms of the same family as those found in the rocks consume methane-munching Archaea at cold seeps off northern California and at Hydrate Ridge off the central Oregon coast, west of Newport.

The researchers think the family of worms, the Dorvilleids, uses its teeth to scrape the Archaea off rocks. When the researchers attempted to trace consumption of Archaea through lipid types and other mechanisms, they failed because the chemicals and proteins broke down within the worms. The deep ocean sequesters vast amounts of methane and researchers believe that Archaea consume a majority of it before it reaches the water column.

If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. When most of us think of calories, we think of how fattening a food is. In dietary terms, calories are the amount of energy that a food provides. If we consistently take in more energy than we need, we will gain weight. If we take in too little energy, we will lose weight, fat, and eventually muscle mass.

The type and amount of food we eat determine how many calories we consume. For many people on a weight-loss diet, the number of calories in a food is a deciding factor in choosing whether or not to eat it.

How and when we eat can also make a difference, as the body uses energy differently throughout the day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, women are likely to need between 1, and 2, calories a day, and men from 2, to 3, However, this depends on their age, size, height, lifestyle, overall health, and activity level. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a calorie intake that ranges from 1, calories a day for an infant of 2 years to 3, for an active male aged 16 to 18 years.

This reduces their need for energy. From age 19 to 25 years, the recommended intake for women is 2, calories a day, but after 51 years, this falls to 1, Around 20 percent of the energy we take in is used for brain metabolism. Most of the rest is used in basal metabolism, the energy we need when in a resting state, for functions such as blood circulation, digestion, and breathing. In a cold environment, we need more energy to maintain a constant body temperature, as our metabolism increases to produce more heat.

In a warm environment, we need less energy. Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells get energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. How efficiently energy from respiration converts into physical—or mechanical— power depends on the type of food eaten, the type of physical energy, and whether muscles are used aerobically or anaerobically.

In other words, we need calories to fuel bodily functions, such as breathing and thinking, to maintain our posture, and to move around. Here are some tips for burning energy and losing weight more effectively. Eat breakfast : A protein and healthy fat breakfast can keep you full for longer and help prevent snacking during the day. Eat regular meals : This can help you burn calories more effectively and helps prevent mindless snacking.

They are high in nutrients and fiber and low in calories and fat. One study in people consuming an equal number of calories in either two or seven meals per day found no difference in calories burned 5. In another study, people with obesity who followed a very-low-calorie diet for 3 weeks showed similar decreases in metabolic rate, regardless of whether they ate calories as 1 or 5 meals per day 6. Yet, in one study, active young men who ate a high-protein or high-carb snack before bed experienced a significant increase in metabolic rate the following morning 7.

Snacking every few hours is often believed to increase metabolism. However, most studies show that eating frequency has little or no effect on metabolism. This results in an increased calorie intake for the day 8. For example, in one study, men with excess weight who ate a calorie snack 2 hours after breakfast ended up eating only fewer calories at lunch 9. In another controlled study, lean men ate either three high-protein, high-fat, or high-carb snacks for six days However, studies have also shown that snacking can help reduce hunger 11 , 12 , In one study, men eating a high-protein, high-fiber snack bar had lower levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin and higher levels of the fullness hormone GLP They also took in an average of fewer calories per day Another study in 44 women with obesity or excess weight noted that a bedtime snack high in protein or carbs led to decreased hunger and greater feelings of fullness the next morning.

However, insulin levels were also higher Most research indicates that snacking between meals does not affect weight 14 , Still, a few studies suggest that eating protein-rich, high-fiber snacks can help you lose weight 16 , For example, a study in 17 people with diabetes reported that munching on snacks high in protein and slow-digesting carbs resulted in an average weight loss of 2.

On the other hand, some studies in people with obesity or normal weight found that snacking may lead to slower weight loss or even weight gain 18 , They experienced a significant increase in liver and belly fat A study in 11 lean women revealed that consuming a calorie snack at p.

Read on for our list of 20 snacks with fewer than calories. This healthy snack adds up to only calories yet packs a punch of protein and fiber. Apples offer vitamin C , an antioxidant that helps create other antioxidants and plays an important role in immune health, according to the National Institutes of Health NIH. And the peanut butter adds extra protein to help keep you feeling full. According to the U. And one tablespoon of natural peanut butter has calories, 4.

Carrot sticks are a diet staple for good reason. As the USDA notes, one cup of these snackable veggies has only 50 calories, with fiber and nutrients that support overall health, such as beta-carotene, potassium , and vitamin K. When cravings for something salty and crunchy strike, reach for one or two! According to the USDA , two bags totaling about 2 ounces provide about 6 g of fiber 22 percent of the DV , along with 5.

Baked, not fried, chips and fresh salsa make this snack a better choice than greasy potato chips with dip. As the USDA notes, 10 tortilla chips have about 74 calories , while a half cup of salsa contains about A word to the wise: Store-bought salsa can be high in sodium — the USDA points out that 2 tablespoons tbsp of Pace Chunky Salsa has a whopping milligrams mg of sodium, or 10 percent of the DV. Be sure to read nutrition labels carefully.

Although calories will vary with the weight of the pita, half a medium-size whole-wheat pita has 75 calories , and a quarter-cup serving of hummus has calories , notes the USDA. Together, the two make a filling snack. This nutritious duo of apple and string cheese is the perfect on-the-go snack. A stick of low-fat string cheese is 80 calories , and a medium apple is about 95 calories.

Pairing low-calorie, fiber-rich cucumber slices with flavorful smoked salmon is a tasty way to stay fueled between meals.

Salmon is an excellent source of protein, omega-3 fats, and vitamin D 21 , Simply top half of a sliced cucumber grams with 1 tablespoon 17 grams of cream cheese and 2 ounces 55 grams of sliced smoked salmon. Sprinkle with lemon juice, salt, and pepper and enjoy. This snack has around calories. Mini egg frittata muffins are a filling breakfast food that can be enjoyed as a portable snack at any time of day.

Mix beaten eggs with chopped and cooked vegetables of your choice, grated cheese, and seasonings. Let cool, then pop the mini frittatas out of the muffin tin and pack them with your lunch for a healthy workday snack option.

Most mini frittata muffin recipes deliver around calories per frittata depending on add-ins. Many protein bars sold in grocery and convenience stores are packed with added sugars and other unhealthy additives. However, you can easily make your own protein bars with healthier ingredients based on countless recipes in books and online that can be modified to suit your taste preferences. Look for recipes that use wholesome ingredients like nuts, seeds, nut butters, dried fruit, and coconut and are naturally sweetened with a bit of honey or maple syrup.

Calorie content of homemade protein bars can vary widely, but many recipes deliver around calories per bar. Snacking on foods that are high in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals can improve your health and even help you stay on track with your weight loss efforts.

Tasty snacks, such as homemade energy balls, nut butter with fruit, veggies with hummus, and homemade trail mix are just some of the many healthy combinations sure to keep you satisfied throughout the day. There are mixed opinions about snacking. Some claim that it is healthy, while others believe it harms your health and causes weight gain. Here are 13 low-calorie foods that are….

When hunger strikes, reach for a snack that contains protein. Here are 30 healthy snacks that are easy to grab and guaranteed to satisfy your hunger. When limiting your calorie intake, it's important to choose nutritious low-calorie foods.

Here are 42 healthy foods that are very low in calories. Having a healthy snack on hand can make or break your diet. Here are 29 healthy snacks that are delicious and weight loss friendly.

Recent research done on humans indicates that calorie-restricted diets can slow down the aging process and increase longevity. Choosing healthy snacks can be difficult when you have diabetes. Here are the 21 best snack ideas for those with diabetes. If you want to moderate your calorie intake, pairing low calorie foods with higher calorie foods is a great place to start.

Here are 33 foods with…. Whether you eat fully vegan or are simply interested in reducing animal products in your diet, coming up with plant-based snacks can be challenging…. When hunger attacks at night, you may wonder which foods are a healthy option. Here are the 15 best late-night snacks that may even help you sleep…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.

Share on Pinterest. Veggies and hummus. Apple slices with natural peanut butter. Coconut chips. Hard-boiled eggs. Homemade energy balls. Greek yogurt with berries.

Click here to learn more about Handground. Some Aeropress recipes highlight the sweetness of a coffee better than others. These recipes are ideal for light-roasted coffees that are acidic and fruity. Typically, a coffee bean is removed from its cherry and cleaned before being set out to dry. Natural processed coffees are set out to dry immediately after harvesting so the coffee beans dry inside the cherry.

This process is more difficult to control since the fruit can mold, but results in a coffee with much fruitier flavor notes. Go for a nice clean washed Ethiopian or a Kenyan. Makes the fruity notes pop along with having great viscosity. Finish within or it gets too harsh. If you press too hard you get lots of undissolved solids and it looks like french press coffee. For more fruit forward or floral coffees, I'll usually add a tiny bit of water to open up the cup slightly. Full flavored with a syrupy body.

Will get you caffeinated without drinking a lot of coffee. I've used our Ardi Sidamo Yirgacheffe. It will go to the extremes of a coffee.

For instance, let's say a nice Colombian has Orange, Melon, and Chocolate. When brewed as espresso that coffee is more of an intense Orange and Chocolate, as you lose some of that balance with the melon that helps bring down some of that sharpness. With this Aeropress brewing style, you receive a wonderful slightly intenser g cup of coffee, that will go after the extremes of a coffee as you will lose some of the balance or mellow tones.

Many coffees grown around the world have more mild flavor profiles than those of East African and natural processed coffees. Indian, Indonesian, and some South American coffees are known to have flavor notes of chocolate, caramel, and nuttiness.

The longer a bean is roasted, the more likely it is to have these same flavor notes. These 10 Aeropress recipes have a lower water-to-coffee ratio than recipes for bright and fruity coffees, meaning they use more coffee and create stronger cups that punctuate a good chocolatey coffee.

The Malic acidity is mid to high. If you're going for a quick punch of caffeine the Aeropress is a joyous beverage creator. Lighter roasted coffee's are great fun with the Aeropress but I find the taste goes a little sour for my liking. The exact instruction on the manual inside the Aeropress box. With a little modification to the ratio. This was obtained in part by adding additional calcium and magnesium mineralization [to the water source].

This method needs a little bit of cell degradation and additional caramelization during roasting to contribute to the body-forward profile. Even though Aeropress was designed to be a single cup coffee brewer, some baristas and coffee enthusiasts have hacked the Aeropress to create delicious full size cups of coffee.

These Aeropress recipes are perfect if you want a 10 to 17 ounce cup. The water-to-coffee ratio is much higher with these recipes, creating a consistency closer to drip coffee as opposed to espresso.

With minor adjustments for the specific coffee. It is smooth and strong with hints of blueberry aroma and a nutty mouth feel. It's an experimental method we found a while back. It creates an interesting cup, at the expense of clarity and some balance. But if you want more output from the aeropress, it's something to try.

We made the change because tests indicated the polypropylene is more durable. We regret the polypropylene is less transparent but feel the additional durability is more important. Read more about the materials here.

Most parts of the AeroPress are made of 7 polypropylene plastic, which is recyclable. The paper micro-filters are both recyclable and compostable. The plunger seal and the lid of the Go mug are made of silicone, which is not recyclable. Website Orders. I have a question about shipping. I have a question about my order.

Are the prices on this website stated in US dollars? Yes, all prices stated on this website are in US dollars. What is wrong? How much coffee can the AeroPress Go make with one pressing? The AeroPress Go can brew with one pressing: — Up to three servings of espresso style concentrate. How many Micro-filters fit into the AeroPress Go travel filter holder? Up to 20 Micro-filters. How much does the AeroPress Go weigh? What materials go into making the AeroPress Go?

How much liquid does the mug hold? Is the mug microwaveable? How many Micro-filters come with the AeroPress Go? The AeroPress Go comes with Micro-filters. Where is the AeroPress Go manufactured? Brewing with an AeroPress. Why is it important to use a good-quality grinder? What grind size should I use? How much coffee does the AeroPress scoop hold? Do you make a larger AeroPress coffee maker for use when I want to brew a full pot of coffee?

How do I best judge water level in the AeroPress? Some water drips through the coffee and filter before I stir and press.

Is that OK? Am I doing something wrong if it is hard to press? You may need to use a better or sharper grinder. A good, sharp grinder ideally a good burr grinder grinds coffee into particles that are all the same size. A cheap or dull grinder produces a wide variety of particle sizes and the very small dust-like particles at the fine end of the particle size distribution block the flow around the larger particles, turning the layer of coffee particles into a barrier that blocks your pressing.

Press gently, there is no rush. Pressing hard actually compacts the coffee particles into a barrier, making it harder to press. You can try pressing down half an inch, then hold the plunger there and let the air pressure in the chamber do the pressing for you.

Then after 5 or so seconds of waiting, press another half inch down and repeat until finished pressing. Does the AeroPress make real espresso? Can you make cold brew style coffee with AeroPress coffee makers? Other AeroPress Brewing Methods.

I have heard of brewing recipes for the AeroPress that are different from the ones provided in the instructions. What is the best way to brew with the AeroPress? I have heard of people using an "inverted method" with the AeroPress.

Why do they use it? Filter Questions. Is there dioxin in AeroPress paper filters? Do you recommend using a metal filter in the AeroPress? Do you make unbleached filters for use in the AeroPress? AeroPress and Health. Are those elements present in AeroPress brewed coffee? AeroPress brewed coffee seems gentler on my stomach than coffee brewed other ways. Why is that? Shop Expand Arrow Collapse Arrow. Subscriptions Expand Arrow Collapse Arrow. Locations Expand Arrow Collapse Arrow.

Expand Arrow Collapse Arrow. Dismiss Button. Sign up. AeroPress Coffee liberated from the constraints of gravity. Facebook Icon. Twitter Icon. Recommended Items. Three Africas. Next comes sweetness, balance, and increasing body.

And finally, we start to get more bitter, dry notes. But within the happy medium of good extraction, there is some wriggle room to emphasize your preferred tastes. Pour over coffees are often associated with remarkable cleanness and clarity, in comparison with a French press.

They can allow complex coffees to shine. No matter the brewing method, grind size is key. But it can only really be understood in terms of brew time.

The finer the grind, the quicker the flavor and aroma compounds will be extracted from the coffee. Pour over brews tend to benefit from a fine to medium grind. With the French press, on the other hand, a coarser grind is the norm although breaking the rules can sometimes result in a great brew. And there are reasons for this. Since the French press is an immersion brewer, you generally use a longer brew time and a coarse ground will slow down the extraction. This is good because the last compounds to be extracted are the ones responsible for bitterness.

With a pour over or drip brewer, however, the water passes more quickly through the grounds. A medium to fine profile prevents under-extraction, both by making it easier to extract those compounds and by preventing the water from dripping through too quickly. Fortunately, the AeroPress is immersion so you have complete control over brew time — no matter what grind you opt for. If you want a clear, fruity brew, your AeroPress coffee may benefit from a shorter immersion time or a coarser ground.

This is caused by lactic acid production. When you are training and your muscles are not getting enough oxygen anaerobic glycolysis , lactic acid builds up.

You can break down lactic acid by continuing to move and by doing light aerobic exercise such as walking after your workout. This is why cool-downs are so important , especially for beginners. The longer you cool down, the faster that lactic acid will leave the muscles typically within an hour.

The type of muscle soreness you are experiencing, up to a day or two and sometimes even three after your workout is known as DOMS Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. DOMS is caused by microscopic tears inside the muscles, resulting from weight-training or fully exhausting the muscles during cardio. This is normal. But if you experience sudden, sharp, or long-lasting pain, check with your doctor. As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content.

Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.

Thanks for visiting. Don't miss your FREE gift. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health , plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise , pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, and more. Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight loss Stay on top of latest health news from Harvard Medical School.

Recent Blog Articles. Why is topical vitamin C important for skin health? Preventing preeclampsia may be as simple as taking an aspirin. Caring for an aging parent? Tips for enjoying holiday meals. A conversation about reducing the harms of social media. Menopause and memory: Know the facts. Here are a few strategies to help remedy your sore abs and get you belly-laughing again in no time.

In a perfect world, you could soak in a steamy bath until your soreness subsided. However, a hot water bottle or heat wrap can do the trick just as well. The goal here is to heat up your muscles to increase blood flow in and out of the damaged area, which also speeds up the delivery of healing nutrients and the removal of metabolic waste. Apply a warm compress or bottle for 15 to 20 minutes at a time to relax stiff muscles and improve healing circulation.

Also drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated; dehydration can make muscle soreness worse. Even though it may feel counterintuitive, a little motion is actually exactly what your cranky muscles need.

Research shows that active recovery —gently moving your muscles—helps relieve postexercise soreness, likely by stimulating circulation. Gently stretch your obliques by lying on your back, pulling your knees up toward your chest and then gently dropping your legs from side to side.

Slowly straighten your arms, lifting your head, shoulders, and torso off the ground as far as comfortably possible like an upward dog pose in yoga. Compression base layers like 2XU compression tops available on Amazon can support your sore muscles and improve circulation, so you feel better while your muscles recover.

Showing Average rating 2. Rating details. Sort order. Start your review of 88 Reasons Why the Rapture is in Nov 11, Alford Wayman rated it really liked it. Remember reading this text after I found it in a box of books my parents had in the attic. This pamphlet is among the best examples of American evangelical fundamentalist apocalyptic thought. View 2 comments. May 06, Damon Hunter rated it it was amazing.

It turns out this guy may not be as in error as he initially thought. For if we were to add 33yrs the age Lord Jesus died to , then we come to and Pentecost is only less than 3 weeks away, falling on the 23rd i believe.

Or it could possibly be the feast of Shavuot Harvest , which falls on the May, less than 2 weeks away. I myself have been receiving "preparation" prompts from the Spirit. By preparation, I mean storing up food-stuffs such as rice, pasta, porridge, honey etc; I in It turns out this guy may not be as in error as he initially thought. By preparation, I mean storing up food-stuffs such as rice, pasta, porridge, honey etc; I intend to stay behind if this is possible, I don't know , but would very much like my son and all children to be taken out of the Tribulation End Time Event by our Lord Jesus Christ.

There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Be the first to start one ». Readers also enjoyed. Probably a wise balance and one I at least will aim for when the next blood moon comes around this fall. Kenneth Berding — November 11, Carmen Imes — November 08, Kenneth Berding — November 04, Carmen Imes — November 01, Blood Moons and the End of the World. These are the things I have confidence in: 1. Share: Twitter Facebook.

More Articles. Advocating for Biblical Literacy. Please create a new list with a new name; move some items to a new or existing list; or delete some items. Your request to send this item has been completed. APA 6th ed.

Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. The E-mail Address es field is required. Please enter recipient e-mail address es. The E-mail Address es you entered is are not in a valid format.

Please re-enter recipient e-mail address es. You may send this item to up to five recipients. The name field is required. Please enter your name. The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. Please verify that you are not a robot. Would you also like to submit a review for this item? You already recently rated this item.

This REALas price prediction predicted on Mon Jun 14 is an estimate only, it is not a valuation and may change as additional information is obtained. It may not take into account all of the property features and other information relevant to calculating a fair market price. If this property is sold, the actual sale price may be different to the price prediction. Suggest features. Get the real REALas experience If you were logged in, you'd be able to favourite this property, see its sale and rental history, explore its street and find out the year it was built.

Key details Lot: 2. Plan Type: RP. Plan: Selling in Doonan? Compare these top-performing sales agents in your area. Maps and area information Map Satellite Street View. A huge separate rumpus room at the back of the home completes the living. Four bedrooms, generous master suite with an en-suite. Both bathrooms have been renovated beautifully. Renovated internal laundry with so much storage.

Double car accommodation and a big shed at the bottom of the property with lots of space for the boat or caravan parking. Lush easy care lawns and tropical gardens on a massive fully fenced m2 block. To the rear of the home is bushland and to the front are views right down to the pyramid. This immaculate family home has something for everyone. House description. Contact the real estate agent.

These forms of government are usually distinguished based on who controls the state, how that authority is justified, and in what ways leaders and governments are structurally organized based on these justifications.

A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual, the monarch. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and rules for life or until abdication.

Monarchs may be autocrats absolute monarchy or ceremonial heads of state who exercise little or no power or only reserve power, with actual authority vested in a parliament or other body such as a constitutional assembly.

Monarchs have various titles — king or queen, prince or princess, Malik or Malikah, emperor or empress, duke or grand duke, and Shah. Monarchy is associated with political or sociocultural hereditary rule; most monarchs, both historically and in the modern day, have been born and brought up within a royal family and trained for future duties. However, some monarchies are non-hereditary. In an elective monarchy, the monarch is elected but otherwise serves as any other monarch. Historical examples of elective monarchy include the Holy Roman Emperors and the free election of kings of the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In a monarchy, the state is controlled by an individual who usually inherits the throne by birth. Monarchies have existed throughout the world, although in recent centuries many states have abolished the monarchy and become republics. Advocacy of republics is called republicanism, while advocacy of monarchies is called monarchism. As of in Europe, there are twelve monarchies: seven kingdoms, one grand duchy, one papacy, and two principalities, as well as the diarchy of Andorra.

Oligarchy is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people. These people could be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, or military control. Such states are often controlled by a few prominent families who pass their influence from one generation to the next. Forms of government and other political structures associated with oligarchy usually include aristocracy, meritocracy, plutocracy, military junta, technocracy, and theocracy.

Aristocracy is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule. In the origins in Ancient Greece, it was conceived of as rule by the best qualified citizens, and contrasted with monarchy. In later times, aristocracy was usually seen as rule by a privileged group, the aristocratic class, and contrasted with democracy.

Similarly, plutocracy is rule by the wealthy. Unlike systems such as democracy, plutocracy is not rooted in a political philosophy and has no advocates; the term is only used in a pejorative sense. Ali Khamenei, depicted here, current holds the position of Supreme Leader in Iran. The Supreme Leader is a religious figure who has arguably the most political power in Iran. Technocracy is a form of government in which experts in technology would be in control of all decision making.

Scientists, engineers, and technologists who have knowledge, expertise, or skills, would compose the governing body instead of politicians, businessmen, and economists.

In a technocracy, decision makers would be selected based upon how knowledgeable and skillful they are in their field. Theocracy is a form of government in which official policy is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided, or is pursuant to the doctrine of a particular religion or religious group. An Islamic state is a state that has adopted Islam, specifically Sharia Islamic Law , as its foundations for political institutions, or laws, exclusively, and has implemented the Islamic ruling system and is therefore a theocracy.

Although there is much debate as to which states or groups operate strictly according to Islamic Law, Sharia is the official basis for state laws in the following countries: Yemen, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Mauritania, Oman and Iran. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. American Politics. Search for:. Forms of Government. Forms of Government Forms of government are categorized by the power source and power structure of any given state. Learning Objectives Compare and contrast the various forms of government.

Key Takeaways Key Points Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. Examples include aristocracy, technocracy and meritocracy. Examples include authoritarian, totalitarian and fascist governments. Governments with monarchic attributes are ruled by a king or a queen who inherits their position from their family, which is often called the royal family.

Plutocracy defines a society or a system ruled and dominated by the small minority of the wealthiest citizens. Unlike systems such as democracy, capitalism, socialism or anarchism, plutocracy is not rooted in an established political philosophy and has no formal advocates. See also Province. Democratic Governments Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives.

Learning Objectives Discuss the central elements of direct and representative democracies. Key Takeaways Key Points Democracy allows people to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.

It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. A democratic government contrasts to forms of government where power is either held by one, as in a monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an oligarchy or aristocracy.

For example, three countries which use representative democracy are the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Poland. The concept of representative democracy arose largely from ideas and institutions that developed during the European Middle Ages, the Age of Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions.

Encyclopedic entry. A nation is a territory where all the people are led by the same government. The right to petition the government is provided in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.

Skip to content. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Media Credits The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Media If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer.

Text Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Interactives Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Related Resources. Forms of Government.

Oligarchies are governments in which a collection of individuals rules over a nation. A specific set of qualities, such as wealth, heredity, and race, are used to give a small group of people power.

Oligarchies often have authoritative rulers and an absence of democratic practices or individual rights. The government that ruled South Africa from to was a racially constructed oligarchy.

The minority white population exercised dominance and imposed segregation over the nation's majority Black population, controlling policy, public administration, and law enforcement. Following an anti-apartheid movement, the country adopted a liberal democracy that ultimately gave all ethnic and linguistic groups in South Africa political representation. Aristocracy refers to a government form in which a small, elite ruling class — the aristocrats — have power over those in lower socioeconomic strata.

Members of the aristocracy are usually chosen based on their education, upbringing, and genetic or family history. Aristocracies often connect wealth and ethnicity with both the ability and right to rule. Aristocracy originated in ancient Greece; the term derives from the Greek word, aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best. Aristocrats led major countries, including Britain, Germany, and Russia, until World War I, when other government forms gained popularity.

Monarchy is a power system that appoints a person as head of state for life or until abdication. Authority traditionally passes down through a succession line related to one's bloodline and birth order within the ruling royal family, often limited by gender. There are two types of monarchies: constitutional and absolute. Constitutional monarchies limit the monarch's power as outlined in a constitution, while absolute monarchies give a monarch unlimited power.

Today, 45 nations have some form of monarchy, though the concept has become increasingly diluted with the evolution of democratic principles. But monarchs in other countries, including Morocco, Oman, and Saudia Arabia, still have far-reaching political authority. Theocracy refers to a form of government in which a specific religious ideology determines the leadership, laws, and customs.

In many instances, there is little to no distinction between scriptural laws and legal codes. Likewise, religious clergy will typically occupy leadership roles, sometimes including the highest office in the nation. Iran is perhaps the most important and powerful theocratic state in the world today. The ayatollahs — Shiite religious leaders — rule the country.

Among them is a "supreme leader" who serves as head of state, delegates authority to other religious leaders, and presides over the elected president. The Sharia — the Islamic faith's primary legal doctrine — dictates the country's legal, judiciary, and administrative codes.

Colonialism is a form of government in which a nation extends its sovereignty over other territories.

In other words, it involves the expansion of a nation's rule beyond its borders. Colonialism often leads to ruling over indigenous populations and exploiting resources.

Many people use antihistamines to treat allergy symptoms. Zyrtec and Claritin are two of the most popular brands, but which is best? Antihistamines can reduce allergy symptoms, such as watering eyes , itchy skin, hives , and swelling. They may also help with dermatitis or even mosquito bites, but manufacturers usually market them for specific allergies. Zyrtec is a brand name for the drug cetirizine.

Claritin is the brand name for loratidine. Zyretc and Claritin are in the same class of medications. Both are second-generation antihistamines, and they generally work the same way in the body. Neither is clearly better than the other. In this article, we provide detail about the differences between Zyrtec and Claritin. We also compare them to two other popular brands of antihistamines: Benadryl and Allegra.

Zyrtec and Claritin are brand-name medications that people can buy over the counter. They are available in various forms, including pills, chewable tablets, and syrups. Zyrtec contains cetirizine hydrochloride, also called cetirizine HCL, while Claritin contains loratadine.

Zyrtec and Claritin are second-generation antihistamines. They are less likely to make a person feel drowsy or otherwise affect alertness than older, first-generation antihistamines. The labeling of Zyrtec says that a person should not take it when driving a vehicle or using machinery.

People should avoid taking Zyrtec with alcohol or other medicines that could cause drowsiness. Zyrtec and Claritin are effective for about 24 hours. A person should only take one dose per day. The body absorbs both antihistamines quickly, but Zyrtec seems to work faster for some people.

A study found that both drugs were absorbed into the bloodstream within 1—2 hours of taking the medication. Researchers are often studying, comparing, and improving antihistamines.

Other popular brands on the market today are Allegra and Benadryl. When a person comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system reacts and produces a chemical called histamine.

Histamine causes many allergy symptoms, including inflammation of the skin or sinuses, pain, redness, and wheezing. Immune responses also encourage extra mucus to develop, which helps to clear allergens from the nose and throat.

Try printing a single coupon. If that works, you may not be able to print out all that you want in a single session. If you share a computer with other people, make sure they did not print the coupon already.

Since SmartSource coupons can only be printed up to 2 times on the same computer, you may have exceeded the number of print times. If you see this message, something has occurred with the coupon file and it is no longer valid. To resolve, visit the page upon which you found the coupons, and generate a new coupon file by clicking "Print.

If you are seeing this message, your computer is having trouble trying to find a printer. Please verify that your printer is connected to your computer via cable or on the same network and turned on. For more information, visit your Operating System manufacturer. If you are seeing the above message, it means that your computer lost connection to our print server during the print process.

We do not allow printing to certain types of printers, primarily those that can capture an image of the coupon. Ensure that you have the desired printer set to "Default" in your computer's settings. For some users, Adobe Acrobat security settings will prevent you from printing. You may receive this message from Adobe: Network Error: Printing was interrupted. Please try again. If so, please follow these steps to allow the printing.

Registration permits you to participate in all areas of this site. Please fill-in the information below. Already have an account? Looks like you have an existing account with us. We have made some changes to our site and we need you to create a new password in order to login. Click send to recieve an email with instructions on how to create your new password.

Frequently Asked Questions. Please click here for more information. What is an antihistamine? Your choice. Any time of day works. Can I chew or swallow the dissolve tabs? Or do they need to dissolve on my tongue first? Cetirizine liquid may be easier for children to take than tablets. The liquid medicine will come with a plastic syringe or spoon to give the right dose. If you do not have a syringe or spoon, ask your pharmacist for one. Do not use a kitchen teaspoon as it will not measure out the right amount.

You may only need to take cetirizine on a day you have symptoms — for example, if you have been in contact with something that has triggered your allergy, like animal hair. Or you may need to take it regularly to prevent symptoms — for example, to stop hay fever during spring and summer. Take your forgotten dose as soon as you remember, unless it's nearly time for your next dose. In this case, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the usual time. If you forget to give a dose to a child who is taking cetirizine twice a day, you can give the missed dose if it's within 4 hours of when they should have had it.

If you remember more than 4 hours after, do not give the missed dose. Instead, wait until the next dose and carry on as normal. If you often forget doses, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to help you remember to take your medicine. Cetirizine is generally very safe. Taking more than the usual dose is unlikely to harm you or your child. If you take an extra dose, you might get some of the common side effects.

If this happens or you're concerned, contact your doctor. Like all medicines, cetirizine can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. The most common side effect of cetirizine is feeling sleepy and tired. This happens in more than 1 in 10 people. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if this side effect bothers you or does not go away. Other common side effects of cetirizine happen in more than 1 in people. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if these side effects bother you or do not go away:.

Children are more likely to get diarrhoea, sneezing or a blocked and runny nose than adults. Call your doctor straight away if you have bruising or bleeding that's more than normal. In rare cases, it's possible to have a serious allergic reaction anaphylaxis to cetirizine. These are not all the side effects of cetirizine. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicines packet. Cetirizine can be used in pregnancy. There is no good evidence that it causes harm to the baby. However, other antihistamines such as loratadine may be recommended as there is more information about its use in pregnancy.

If your doctor or health visitor says your baby is healthy, you can take cetirizine while breastfeeding. There is some information available which shows that only very small amounts get into breast milk. Cetirizine has been used for many years while breastfeeding without side effects in babies.

If your baby is not feeding as well as usual, seems unusually sleepy, or if you have any other concerns about your baby, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, health visitor or midwife. Some medicines can increase the chances of you having side effects with cetirizine. Check with your pharmacist or doctor if you're taking any medicine that makes you drowsy, gives you a dry mouth, or makes it difficult for you to pee. Taking cetirizine might make these side effects worse.

There might be a problem taking some herbal remedies and supplements alongside cetirizine, especially ones that cause sleepiness, a dry mouth, or make it difficult to pee. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you're taking any other medicines, including herbal medicines, vitamins or supplements.

Cetirizine is a type of medicine called an antihistamine. When you come into contact with something you're allergic to, such as pollen, animal hair or fur, your body produces a chemical called histamine. Usually histamine is a useful substance, but in an allergic reaction it causes unpleasant symptoms including itchy, watery eyes, a running or blocked nose, sneezing and skin rashes.

For example, if you have a reaction to an insect bite, you may only need to take cetirizine for a day or two. You may need to take cetirizine for longer if you're taking it to prevent symptoms — for example, to stop hay fever when the pollen count is high. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you're unsure how long you need to take cetirizine for.

However it's best to take cetirizine only for as long as you need to. If you take it regularly over a long period there's a very small chance of severe itching if you stop treatment suddenly. If you've been taking cetirizine every day for a long time, talk to your doctor before stopping it. It's best not to drink alcohol while you're taking cetirizine as it can make you feel sleepy.

Cetirizine is classed as a non-drowsy antihistamine, but it's still possible to feel sleepy after taking it. If this happens to you, do not drive a car, ride a bike, use tools or machinery until you do not feel tired anymore. It's an offence to drive a car if your ability to drive safely is affected.

It's your responsibility to decide if it's safe to drive. If you're in any doubt, do not drive. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you're unsure whether it's safe for you to drive while taking cetirizine. UK has more information on the law on drugs and driving.

That's because it's less likely to make you feel sleepy than sedating antihistamines, such as Piriton chlorphenamine.